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Electronic Discovery Bibliography
List updated 22 January 2000. The following is a collection of citations to law review articles, continuing legal education materials, bar journal articles, articles from the popular and business press, and other items relevant to the discovery of electronic evidence in civil litigation. This collection also includes subjects closely related to electronic discovery, such as electronic records management, computer forensics, the rules of evidence as applied to electronic data, and the use of e-mail in the workplace. No endorsement of the content of these articles should be implied by their inclusion in this collection. Quite the contrary: these publications often state conclusions based on scanty evidence or present partisan arguments. As a whole, however, they represent the collective perception of the US and UK legal profession on this important issue. Additions, comments, and corrections are welcome, and a dialog box is provided at the end of the list. Acland, Lucinda. "Data exchange sgreements in litigation - The impact of the Woolf reforms." Society for Computers and Law Electronic Magazine (UK) 10 (April/May 1998) http://www.scl.org/scl/emag/emagazine/vol10/iss1/vol10-iss1-lucinda-acland-art.htm (visited 30 November 1999). Adams, Mark A. "Rules 901 and 902: Authentication of documents found on the Internet." Colorado Lawyer 28 (March 1999), 57. Alexander, Steve. "Clean slate." Star-Tribune (Minneapolis-St. Paul). 19 January 1999, 01E. Andrews Computer & Online Industry Regulation Reporter. "Supression of evidence denieddespite ISP's disclosure of subscriber's Identity." Andrews Computer & Online Industry Regulation Reporter . 17 August 1999, 11. Aragon, Lawrence. "E-mail is not beyond the law." PC Week. 6 October 1997, 111. Associated Press. "Boom: Program would let sensitive e-mail self-destruct." Grand Rapids Press. 11 October 1999, A20. Associated Press. "Employers are screening e-mail-- the smoking gun of the '90s'." Seattle Times. 22 March 1999, C1. Associated Press. "Net security co. raises concerns." Las Vegas Sun 13 December 1999; http://www.lasvegassun.com/sunbin/stories/tech/1999/dec/13/121400255.html (visited 21 December 1999). Atkins, Larry. "Big brother is watching -- and reading your e-mail." Cleveland Plain Dealer. 21 January 1998, 11B. Ayres, Chris. "E-mail vigilance urged for UK plc." The Times (UK). 25 June 1998, 33. Ballon, Ian C. "How companies can reduce the costs and risks associated with electronic discovery." Computer Lawyer 15 (July 1998), 8. Ballon, Ian C. "Spoliation of e-mail evidence: Proposed intranet policies and a framework for analysis." Cyberspace Lawyer 4 (March 1999), 2. Bean, Joanna. "Colorado Springs based firm helps keep your e-mail private." Colorado Springs Gazette. 28 November 1999, [no page number]. Bedell, Doug. "Erased and found: Click on "delete" and email vanishes, but don't assume it's gone for good." Star Ledger (Newark, NJ). 19 July 1999, 061. Bennahum, David S. "Daemon seed: Old email never dies." Wired. May 1999, 100. Berman, Kenneth R. and David A. Brown. "Practical issues in framing and responding to discovery requests for electronic information." ABA National Institute on Representing High Technology Companies (23 October 1998). Bester, Matthew J. "A wreck on the info-bahn: Electronic mail and the destruction of evidence." CommLaw Conspectus 6 (Winter 1998), 75. Bray, Hiawatha. "A chance to parish the thought: Now, e-mail has expiration date." Chicago Tribune. 18 October 1999, 6. Brewer, Heather. "Snap judgments." Business Law Today 8 (August 1999), 4. Brill, Alan. "A lawyer's place in cyberspace." American Lawyer 17 (December 1995), S10. Brown, Eryn. "You've got mail :-0." Fortune Magazine. 7 December 1998, 36. Brown, Peter. "Policies for corporate internet and e-mail use." PLI Patents, Copyrights, Trademarks, and Literary Property Course Handbook (14 June 1999). Bruno, Lee. "Service keeps e-mail out of lawyers' hands." CMP Techwire. 26 May 1999, [no page number]. Bullock, Peter. "Discovery and the smoking gun in IT litigation." Society for Computers and Law Electronic Magazine 8. (August/September 1997) http://www.scl.org/scl/emag/emagazine/vol8/iss3/vol8-iss3-bullock-peter-art.html (visited 30 November 1999). Business Day. "E-mail risks are greater than they seem." Business Day (South Africa). 23 September 1999, 31. Business Wire. "Disappearing Inc. makes old e-mail vanish everywhere; reduces corporate liability as well as improves corporate productivity by enabling sensitive communications via e-mail." Business Wire. 4 October 1999. Byer, Robert L. "Electronic data retention and discovery: Legal and ethical issues." In The essentials of computer discovery and data retention risk control (Little Falls, NJ: Glasser Legalworks, 1997), 135. Byer, Robert L. "Special issues for lawyers in discovery: A legal and ethical perspective." In, The essentials of computer discovery and data retention risk control (Little Falls, NJ: Glasser Legalworks, 1997), 167. Canoni, John D. "Employee privacy rights of employees vs. employers." Nixon Hargrave Devans & Doyle Web Site. 1997, http://www.nhdd.com/hot/wh31.htm (visited 28 December 1999). Carlin, John. "Lawyers get the message about abusive e-mail." Independent (UK). 20 July 1997, 14. Cawley, Douglas A. "Deleted but not removed." Legal Times. 21 July 1997, S34. Clark, West, Kerr, Butler & Ellis. "Employee sues for sexual harassment, gets $100,000 settlement, but ends up in jail." Texas Employment Law Letter 8 (April 1997), 5. Cohen, Alan. "Keeping an eye on employee e-mail." New York Law Journal 220 (14 September 1998), 32. Cohen, Steven M. "Cybersex trial turns on e-mail." New York Law Journal 221 (22 January 1999), 53. Cole-Gomolski, Barbara. "Lethal sting of forgotten mail: IS examines policies as costly suits pile up." ComputerWorld. 8 September 1997, 1A. Colley, Adrian. "Electronic records issues from the operating perspective of an in-house counsel." PLI Patents, Copyrights, Trademarks, and Literary Property Course Handbook (14 June 1999). Collins, John. "A new discovery: The role of computers in discovery today." SUNY Buffalo Web Site. 6 December 1996, http://wings.buffalo.edu/Complaw/CompLawPapers/collins.html (visited 10 November 1999). Computing. "Analysis: Police meet resistance to access bid." Computing (UK). 8 October 1998, 26. Connally, Patricia M. "The essentials of computer discovery and electronic risk control." In The essentials of computer discovery and data retention risk control (Little Falls, NJ: Glasser Legalworks, 1997), 43. Cotton, Christopher V. "Document retention programs for electronic records: Applying a reasonableness standard to the electronic era." Journal of Corporation Law 24 (Winter 1999), 417. Couch, Mark P. "Older and wiser 28-year-old computer whiz hires seasoned partner." Star Telegram (Fort Worth). 31 August 1998, 7. Cuff, John Haslett. "E-mail blurs line between private and public." Globe and Mail (Toronto). 18 October 1997, C27. Cwiklo, William F. and Wayne Faegley. "Managing electronic discovery in your litigation system." Litigation Applications Newsletter, Summer 1998, http//ftp.abanet.org/lpm/newsletters/litapps/s98cwiklo.html (visited 7 January 2000). Delaney, Timothy Q. "E-mail discovery: The duties, danger and expense." Federal Lawyer 46 (January 1999), 42. Denlinger, Rosenthal & Greenberg. "Electronic mail: Knowing your risks." Ohio Employment Law Letter 9 (November 1998), 3. Dichter, Mark S. and Michael S. Burkhardt. "Electronic interaction in the workplace: Monitoring, retrieving and storing employee communications in the Internet age." Morgan, Lewis & Bockius Web Site. 14 June 1999, http://www.mlb.com/art61499.htm (visited 11 January 2000). Dixon, Keith. "Governing database use: conflicts arising from the use of litigation support databases." Lawyer (UK). 21 July 1998, 7. Dolak, Lisa A. "Patents without paper: Proving a date of invention with electronic evidence." Houston Law Review 36 (Summer 1999), 471. Donovan, Karen. "E-mails helped Microsoft in Connecticut." National Law Journal. 2 August 1999, http://www.lawnewsnet.com/stories/A3744-1999Jul23.html (visited 26 July 1999). Donovan, Lisa. "Email, privacy don't mix: Employees mistaken to assume protection." Cincinnati Enquirer. 14 September 1996, B05. Dreyer, Anthony J. "When the postman beeps twice: The admissibility of electronic mail." Fordham Law Review 64 (April 1996), 2285. Eaton, Adam R. and Roxane J. Perruso. "E-mail as evidence." Colorado Lawyer 27 (May 1998), 43. Ellison, Louise and Mary Childs. "Computer-mediated cmmunications and criminal evidence." 14th Annual BILETA Conference. 29 March 1999; http://www.bileta.ac.uk/99/papers/child (visited 7 January 2000) Feldman, Joan. "You can run but you can't hide." Charter (Institute of Chartered Accountants in Australia). 1 April 1999, 46. Feldman, Joan E. and Larry G. Johnson. "Lost? No. Found? Yes. Those computer tapes and e-mails are evidence." Business Law Today 8 (May/June 1999), 18. Feldman, Joan E. and Rodger I. Kohn. "The essentials of computer discovery." In The essentials of computer discovery and electronic data retention risk control." (Little Falls, NJ: Glasser LegalWorks, 1997), 3. Feldman, Joan E. and Rodger I. Kohn. "The essentials of computer discovery." Glasser LegalWorks '98 (1998). Feldman, Joan E. and Rodger I. Kohn. "Collecting computer based evidence." New York Law Journal 219 (26 January 1998), 55; http://www.ljextra.com/practice/computer/0126ctevid.html (visited 29 October 1999). Feldman, Joan E. and Rodger I. Kohn. "The essentials of computer discovery." PLI Patents, Copyrights, Trademarks, and Literary Property Course Handbook (14 June 1999). Financial Post. [untitled article on self-deleting e-mail]. National Post. 8 October 1999, C06. Foster, David. "E-mail sleuths uncover long forgotten messages." Star-Ledger (Newark, NJ). 25 September 1995, [no page number]. Foster, David. "Deleted e-mail can leave incriminating evidence." Los Angeles Times. 1 October 1995, 3. Foxton, David. "Case report: Groupo Torras v. Al Sabah: Discovery of documents in electronic form." Society for Computers and Law Electronic Magazine 8 (February/March 1998), http://www.scl.org/sci/emag/emagazine/vol8/iss6/vol8-iss6-case-report-art.html (visited 30 November 1999). Fried, Lisa. "Employers crack down on personal Internet use." New York Law Journal. 3 January 2000, http://www.lawnewsnetwork.com/stories/A112505-1999Dec30.html (visited 3 January 2000). Frisman, Paul. "E-mail: Dial "e" for "evidence." New Jersey Law Journal 142 (25 December 1995), 1164. Fryer, Bronwyn. "E-Mail: backbone of the info age or smoking gun?" Your Company. July/August 1999, 73. Fusaro, Roberta. "E-mail archives weakened by Net: Data sent over free e-mail can be lost forever." ComputerWorld. 9 November 1998, 49. Gahtan, Alan. "Anonymity on the Internet now in question." Cyberspace Lawyer 3 (September 1998), 12. Gahtan, Alan M. "Electronic evidence." (Scarborough, Ontario: Carswell, 1999). Garrity, James and Eoghan Casey. "Internet misuse in the workplace: A lawyer's primer." Florida Bar Journal 72 (November 1998), 22. Gindin, Susan E. "Guide to e-mail and the internet in the workplace." (Washington: BNA Corporate Practice Series, 1999). Girard, Kim and Barb Cole-Gomolski. "Hold that thought, IS tell e-mailers." ComputerWorld. 21 April 1997, 1A. Glod, Maria. "He-said, she-said divorces take on twist with e-mail." Boston Globe. 2 May 1999, A16. Goldstein, Matthew. "Electronic mail, computer messages present knotty issues of discovery." New York Law Journal 211 (8 February 1994), 1. Grady, Patrick R. "Discovery of computer stored documents and computer based litigation support systems: Why give up more than necessary?" John Marshall Journal of Computer and Information Law 14 (Spring 1996), 523. Greenberg, Jan Crawford. "E-mail confidential? Lawyers prove otherwise." Chicago Tribune. 24 September 1995, 1. Grenig, Jay E. "Electronic discovery: Making your opponent's computer a vital part of your legal team." American Journal of Trial Advocacy 21 (Fall 1997), 293. Grenig, Jay E. "Electronic Discovery: Exploring the jungle of your opponent's computer records." Trial Magazine. September 1998, 30. Gross, Neil. "E-mail that won't come back to haunt you." Business Week. 15 November 1999, 136. Haberstroth, Joe. "High-tech detective follows e-mail trail." Orlando Sentinel. 10 April 1994, D1. Haberstroth, Joe. "Computer sleuth: E-mail detective prowels cyberspace." Orange County Register. 2 May 1994, C23. Harmon, Amy. "Corporate delete keys busy as e-mail turns up in court." New York Times. 11 November 1998, A1. Hart, Jacob P. and Anna Marie Plum, "Your opponent's electronic media: Some "disk-covery" disputes for the 21st century." ALI-ABA Course of Study: Civil Practice and Litigation Techniques in the Federal Courts (20 January 1999). Hawkins, Dana. "Office politics in the electronic age." US News & World Report 126 (22 March 1999), 5961. Herrera, Jessica. "Gains and costs of computer discovery." Litigation News 24 (September 1999), 24. Hilpern, Kate. "Heat of the moment: Bullying managers aren't screaming their insults across the office any longer - they're messaging them." The Independent (UK). 14 March 1999, 11. Honey, Richard. "Are litigation support systems providing any support?" Computers and Law (UK) 10 (December/January 1999/2000), 10. Horvath, Lawrence. "The use of computer evidence in the courtroom: Maintaining the integrity of the legal system in the process." SUNY Buffalo Web Site. 6 December 1996, http://wings.buffalo.edu/Complaw/CompLawPapers/hovath.html (visited 10 November 1999). Howard, Geoffrey M. "Discovery of electronic evidence." ABA Section of Antitrust Law 47th Annual Spring Meeting (14 April 1999). Isikoff, Michael and Evan Thomas. "A daughters secrets: Monica Lewinsy's e-mail becomes part of sex scandal investigation." Newsweek. 23 February 1998, 22. Jennings, Peter. "A closer look at loss of privacy in workplace." World News Tonight (American Broadcasting Company). 5 October 1998. Jessen, John H. "The perils of disk-covery." Electronic Perespectives (Edison Electronic Institute) 22 (Nov/Dec 1997), 48. Johnson, Gregory S. "A practitioner's overview of digital discovery." Gonzaga Law Review 33 (1998), 347. Johnson-Laird, Andrew. "Smoking guns and spinning disks." Computer Lawyer 11 (August 1994), 1. Johnston, James H. "Private personal computing?" Legal Times. 18 May 1999, http://www.lawnewsnetwork.com/stories/A1544-1999May17.htm (visited 24 May 1999). Joseph, Gregory P. "A simplified approach to computer-generated evidence and animations." Federal Rules Decisions 156 (1994), 327. Joseph, Gregory P. "Computer evidence." Litigation 22 (Fall 1995), 13. Joseph, Gregory P. "A simplified approach to computer-generated evidence and animations." ALI-ABA Course of Study: Trial Evidence in the Federal Courts (5 June 1997). Joseph, Gregory P. "Federal practice: Computer evidence I." National Law Journal 21 (8 March 1999), B6. Joseph, Gregory P. "Federal practice: Computer evidence II." National Law Journal 21 (5 April 1999), B14. Jurevic, Amy M. "When technology and heath care collide: Issues with electronic medical records and electronic mail." University of Missouri at Kansas City Law Review 66 (Summer 1998), 809. Kahn, Randolph A. and Kristi L. Vaiden. "If the slate is wiped clean: Spoliation -- what it can mean for your case." Business Law Today 8 (May/June 1999), 13. Kalish, David. "Companies escalate e-mail snooping." Journal Record (Oklahoma City). 8 March 1999, [no page number]. Kaplan, Carl S. "Judge says recording of electronic chats is legal." New York Times. 14 January 2000, http://www.nytimes.com/library/tech/00/01/cyber/cyberlaw/14law.html (visited 18 January 2000). Kaplan, Robert N. and Alison M. Tattersall. "E-mail and voice mail discovery issues." Glasser LegalWorks (October 1997), 127. Kashi, Joseph. "How to Conduct On-Site Discovery of Computer Records" Law Practice Management 24 (March 1998), 26. Katz, Debra S. and Alan R. Kabat. "Electronic discovery in employment discrimination cases." Trial 34 (December 1998), 28. Kaufman, Wendy and Bob Edwards, "Dectective finding computer evidence." Morning Edition (National Public Radio), 18 May 1998. Kelley, Steve. "Computers and discovery: Advising the corporate client." SUNY/Buffalo Web Site. Spring 1997, http://wings.buffalo.edu/Complaw/CompLawPapers/kelley.htm (visited 10 November 1999). Kelley, Tina. "Behind closed e-mail: Politicians grapple with public scrutiny of their electronic communications." New York Times. 1 April 1999, G1. Kleiman, Carol. "There's just no such thing as privacy on a computer." Star Ledger (Newark, NJ). 2 September 1997, 51. Knight, Al. "Computer data rarely a private matter." Denver Post. 24 November 1996, H04. Knopper, Steve. "The e-mail files." Yahoo Internet Life. May 1998, http://www.zdnet.com/yil/content/mag/9805/emailfiles.html (visited 6 January 2000). Lacitis, Erik. "Hard drive's gonna fall." Seattle Times. 22 February 1998, L1. Lacouture, Peter V. "Discovery and the use of computer-based information in litigation." Rhode Island Bar Journal 45 (December 1997), 9. Larimore, Mary Nold and Gary C. Mesplay. "Discoverability of document management systems: Pitfalls and how to avoid them." Defense Counsel Journal 64 (July 1997), 369. Lavalle Marianne. "Digital information boom worries corporate counsel." National Law Journal 16 (30 May 1994), B1. Leader Publications. "Setting up a corporate policy for internet use: A checklist." Computer Law Strategist 12 (October 1995), 4. Leahy, Monique C.M. "Recovery and reconstruction of electronic mail as evidence." American Jurisprudence Proof of Facts 3d 41 (1997), 1. Lehman, James K. "Litigating in cyberspace: Discovery of electronic information." South Carolina Lawyer 8 (March/April 1997), 14. Lehman, James K. "Tips for discovery of electronic information." Practical Litigator. November 1997, 7. Leibowitz, Wendy R. "E-evidence demands new expert." National Law Journal 20 (8 March 1998), A1. Leibowitz, Wendy R. "As e-mail boxes overflow, employment issues proliferate." National Law Journal 21 (14 September 1998), B4. Leibowitz, Wendy R. "E-mail policy on trial." National Law Journal 21 (9 November 1998), A16. Leibowitz, Wendy R. "Avoiding E-mail horror stories: policies and filters the law office technology best defense." New York Law Journal 220 (15 December 1998), 5. Leibowitz, Wendy R. "E-mail abuses abound." National Law Journal 20 (11 January 1999), A21. Leibowitz, Wendy R. "E-mail law expands." National Law Journal 21 (12 July 1999), B1. Lind, Laura. "Messages that bite back: E-mail is gaining weight as evidence in courts." Financial Post (Canada). 15 August 1998, IT11. Lohr, Steve. "Antitrust case is highlighting role of e-mail." New York Times. 2 November 1998, C1. Lonkevich, Dan. "E-Discovery exposures uncertain for D&O." National Underwriter Property & Casualty - Risk & Benefits Management 103 (4 October 1999), 6. Loscalzo, Theresa E. and Matthew H. Simmons. "E-Mail and the attorney-client privilege." Trial 35 (February 1999), 20. Loundy, David. "E-law: Sailor's job anchored by privacy violation." Cyberspace Lawyer 3 (March 1998), 23. Love, Vinent J. "Sources of financial and operating information." PLI Corporate Law and Practice Course Handbook: Basics of Accounting & Finance (1999). Lovell, Charles A. and Roger W. Holmes. "The dangers of e-mail: The need for electronic data retention policies." Rhode Island Bar Journal 44 (December 1995), 7. MacDonald, Elizabeth. "Workplace: E-mail trail could haunt consultant in court." Wall Street Journal. 19 June 1997, B1. Macerlean, Neasa. "Workplace: Off to the loo? Smile-- you are on CCTV." The Observer (UK). 30 August 1998, 001. Maniccia, Michelle. "Minimizing corporate exposure in the computer age: A proposal for record retention and discovery with a posture for litigation." SUNY/Buffalo Web Site. Fall 1996, http://wings.buffalo.edu/Complaw/other.html (visited 10 November 1999). Marcellino, James J. and Anthony A. Bongiorno. "E-mail is the hottest topic in discovery disputes." National Law Journal 20 (3 November 1997), B10. Markels, Alex. "Computer cleanup: Data purges are complex, but keeping files is risky." Wall Street Journal. 22 May 1997, B1. Marro, Nicole M. "Computers and their evolving import with respect to evidentiary rules: Federal and New York State." SUNY/Buffalo Web Site (1 March 1995) http://wings.buffalo.edu/Complaw/CompLawPapers/marro.html (visited 10 November 1999). Martin, Ingrid. "Sleuth retrieves deleted computer data for lawsuits." Alaska Journal of Commerce 21 (28 April 1997), 1. McCafferty, Joseph. "The phantom menace." CFO. 1 June 1999, [no page number]. McChrystal, Michael K., William C. Gleisner, III and Michael J. Kuborn. "Coping with the legal perils of employee e-mail." Wisconsin Lawyer 72 (March 1999), 10. McCune, Jenny C. "Get the message: proper e-mailing." Journal of Property Management 62 (15 May 1997), 42. McGrory, Brian. "E-mail as evidence: Computer sleuths are playing back electronic chit-chat to bolster lawsuits." Boston Globe. 19 October 1995, 1. McLean, John J. "Basic considerations in investigating computer crime, executing computer search warrents and seizing high technology equipment." 14 Annual BILETA Conference. 29 March 1999, http://www.bileta.ac.uk/99/papers/maclean.htm (visited 7 January 2000). McNamara, Paul. "Keeping an eye on e-mail." Network World. 5 October 1998, 1. McNeil, Heidi L. and Robert M. Kort. "Discovery of E-Mail and Other Computerized Information." Arizona Attorney 31 (April 1995), 16. Mello, Michael A. "Pretrial fact-finding and the longevity of e-mail." New Hampshire Employment Law Letter 3 (March 1998), 2. Michalowicz, James L. "Electronic discovery in the corporation." In, The essentials of computer discovery and electronic data retention risk control (Little Falls, NJ: Glasser LegalWorks, 1997), 105. Middleton, Martha. "A discovery: There may be gold in e-mail. Computer-savvy lawyers are looking closely at computer files." National Law Journal 16 (20 September 1993), 1. Miller, Michael Owen and Brenden J. Griffin. "Computer databases: Forces producton versus shared enterprise." Litigation 23 (Summer 1997), 40. Miller, Nigel. "Employees and the Net." Society for Computers and Law Electronic Magazine 8 (October/November 1997); http://www.scl.org/scl/emag/emagazine/vol8/iss4/vol8-iss4-mill-nigel-art.html (visited 10 November 1999). Miller, Stevens R. "Tracking down e-mail evidence." New York Law Journal 19 (18 May 1998), S4; http://www.nylj.com/tech/051898t3.html (visited 7 January 2000). Mishkin, Jeremy D. "The paper it's written on." Litigation 25 (Summer 1999), 25. Moon, Moss, McGill & Bachelder, P.A. "First Circuit foils Fennell's appeal against First Step." Maine Employment Law Letter. July 1996 [no page number]. Moran, Joseph T. "E-mail sends litigious message." Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. 17 September 1995, E1. Morris, Frank C. "Issues from the electronic workplace. E-mail communications: The developing employment law nightmare." ALI-ABA Course of Study: Current Developments in Employment Law (25 July 1996). Mostyn, Michael M. "The need for regulating anonymous remailers." 14 Annual BILETA Conference. 29 March 1999, http://www.bileta.ac.uk/99/papers/mostyn.htm (visited 7 January 2000). Murphy, John F. "The discovery of computer databases: An overview." FICC Quarterly 48 (Spring 1998) http://www.theorganization.org/public/Quarterly/Spring98/murphy.htm (visited 3 November 1999). Murphy, Mary L. and Laurence H. Reece, III. "Be careful what you ask for: Rules and recent cases regarding the discovery of electronic evidence." ABA National Institute on Representing High Technology Companies (23 October 1998). Murry, Shailagh. "Private eyes: Forensic computing helps firms track high-tech fraud." Wall Street Journal Europe (UK). 10 March 1998, 1. Nash, Kim. "Computer detectives uncover smoking guns: Cybersleuths glean evidence from backup tapes." ComputerWorld. 9 June 1997, 1A. Nash, Kim S. and Patrick Thibodeau. "What's in a database? Microsoft sales evidence allows DOJ to check files in Redmond." ComputerWorld. 19 October 1998, 4. Novack, Janet. "Control/alt/discover: New legal issues center on electronic documentation." Forbes 159 (13 January 1997), 60. Ogg, Randell C. and Matthew P. Maloney. "Agressive pursuit of spoliation reaps rewards." Product Liability Law and Strategy 15 (January 1997), 4. Old, Ashley. "Don't get zapped in court by e-mails in your workplace." Georgia Employment Law Letter 11 (April 1999), 3. Olmsted, Betty Ann. "Electronic media: Management and litigation issues When "Delete" Doesn't Mean Delete." Defense Counsel Journal 63 (October 1996), 523. Pallasch, Abdon M. "Oh, gee: O.J. products hit tech circuit." Chicago Lawyer 18 (December 1995), 80. Palomba, Marina. "Technology -- what about the smaller case?" International Commercial Litigation (UK). 1 May 1998, 39. Paone, Joe. "From paper trails to byte paths: Electronic data has gotten the attention of courts, so companies should preserve data in case of lawsuits." LAN Times. 15 September 1997, 14. Patrick, Michael. An attorney's guide to protecting, discovering, and producing electronic information. (Horsham, PA: LRP Publications, 1995). Peritz, Rudolph J. "Computer data and reliability: A call for authentication of business records under the Federal Rules of Evidence." Northwestern University Law Review 80 (Winter 1986), 956. Peterson, Scott. "This e-mail will self-destruct in... Disappearing Inc. developing software that encrypts old e-mail." PC Week. 4 October 1999, 1. Petreley, Nicholas. "Destroying the evidence: This e-mail message will self-destruct in one month." InfoWorld. 8 November 1999; http://www.infoworld.com/cgi-bin/displayNew.pl?/petrel/991108np.htm (visited 17 November 1999). Phillips, Laurie. "Producing data in discovery: the key rules of the road." New York Law Journal 219 (16 March 1998), S5. Pivec, Mary E. and Susan Brinkerhoff. "E-mail in the workplace: Limitations on privacy." Human Rights 26 (Winter 1999), 22. Pooley, James H. A. and David M. Shaw. "Finding out what's there: Technical and legal aspects of discovery." Texas Intellectual Property Law Journal 4 (Fall 1995), 57. Postrel, Virginia. "Why e-mail is dangerous." Forbes. 27 July 1998, 094. PR Newswire. "Startup protects e-mail after it's sent." PR Newswire, 4 October 1999. Prince, Michael. "Long-lived data create new risks." Business Insurance. 30 September 1996, 1. Prince, Michael. "You may live to regret that email you just sent." Crain's Detroit Business 7 October 1996, 1. Prince, Michael. "Computer exposures can byte the unaware: organizations often not prepared for threats from outside the system." Business Insurance 2 December 1996, 3. Printup, "Discovery of computer data." SUNY/Buffalo Web Site. Spring 1996, http://wings.buffalo.edu/Complaw/CompLawPapoers/printup.htm (visited 10 November 1999). Radcliff, Deborah. "Cybercop boot camp: Police officers trek to California agency to keep pace with computer criminals." ComputerWorld. 7 September 1998, 65. Reetz, C. Ryan. "Warrant requirement for searches of computerized information." Boston University Law Review 67 (January 1987), 179. Reuben, Richard C. "Shadow world: searching information highway's side roads for evidence." ABA Journal 80 (April 1994), 115. Richardson, Portia. "Brokers grapple with records retention rule." Wallstreetlawyer.com: Securities in the Electronic Age 1 (April 1998), 25. Riggs, Brian. "Policy control secures outgoing e-mail: Startup's software extends users control over messages." Information Week. 11 October 1999, 111. Ritter, Bill, Hugh Downs and Barbara Walters, "Big brother bosses: How bosses are spying on their employees." Twenty Twenty (American Broadcasting Company). 12 January 1998. Robins, Mark A. "Computers and the discovery of evidence -- A new dimension to civil procedure." John Marshall Journal of Computer and Information Law 17 (1999), 411. Rosenberg, Geanne. "Electronic discovery proves an effective legal weapon." New York Times. 31 March 1997, D1. Rosenberg, Geanne. "Electronic discovery proves effective legal weapon." Journal Record (Oklahoma City). 21 April 1997, [no page number]. Rothman, Joel B. "Is it really gone? Data recovery and computer discovery." Legal Tech Newsletter 15 (January 1998), 1. Rubenstein, Bruce. "Electronic discovery costs are leveraging settlements." Corporate Legal Times 7 (September 1997), 26. Rubenstein, Bruce. "Somebody destroyed the evidence: Corporate law department stung by mishandled e-mail." Corporate Legal Times 7 (September 1997), 1. Sabbagh, Dan. "Internetworking -- Police eye up email data: Internet service providers in talks with officers." Computing. 6 August 1998, 2. Sanborn, Stephanie. "Disappearing Inc helps e-mail fade from sight." InfoWorld 21 (25 October 1999), [no page number]. Sandford, Fiona. "Use of litigation support." Society for Computers and Law Electronic Magazine (UK) 10 (April/May 1999), http://www.scl.org/scl/emag/emagazine/vol10/iss1/vol10-iss1-fiona-sandford-art.htm (visited 30 November 1999). Saunders, James. "Legally on line." The Scotsman (UK). 1 June 1999, 12. Schoor, Joseph. "Uncovering the mystery: Hard drive, hard evidence." Portland Oregonian. 10 May 1999, C01. Silvernail, Susan. "Electronic evidence: Discovery in the computer age." Alabama Lawyer 58 (May 1997), 176. Sipior, Janice C. and Burke T. Ward. "The darker side of employee e-mail." Communications of the ACM. 1 July 1999, 8895. Skupsky, Donald S. "Discovery and destruction of e-mail." In The Internet and Business: Lawyer's Guide to the Emerging Legal Issues (1996), http://cla.org/RuhBook/chp5.htm (visited 29 October 1999). Smedinghoff, Thomas J. 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